In low and middle-income economies where resources are often limited, innovative business models are developed
to utilize them efficiently. Past research attempts proved the strength of combining Sustainable Product-Service Systems
(S.PSS) with Distributed Manufacturing Systems (DMS) in achieving the environmental, social and economic
sustainability in the designated contexts. However, scenarios for the implementation of S.PSS applied to DM are
still a gap in literature. Hence, this study is investigating near-future scenarios for the coupled models to allow access
to resources and emerging technologies in low and middle-income contexts. The study implemented a qualitative
research with a focus on Additive Manufacturing (AM) in the Arabic Republic of Egypt to investigate the business
models of local 3D printing enterprises. Possible scenarios were formulated, and later discussed with local stakeholders
through in-depth interviews to highlight the opportunities and the barriers, along with recommendations to
overcome the barriers and benefit from their positive impact.

Authors: Doaa Mohamed.